What is an LLM?→陳致中花八個月就拿到的東西
The LL.M. (Master of Laws) is an internationally-recognized
postgraduate law degree. It is usually obtained by completing
a one-year full-time program. The LL.M. is a higher academic
degree, comparable to an MBA in business and management.
Law students and professionals frequently pursue the LL.M. to
gain expertise in a specialized field of law, for example in
the area of tax law or international law. Many law firms prefer
job candidates with an LL.M. degree because it indicates that
a lawyer has acquired advanced, specialized legal training, and
is qualified to work in a multinational legal environment.
In most countries, lawyers are not required to hold an LL.M.
degree, and many do not choose to obtain one. An LL.M. degree
by itself generally does not qualify graduates to practice law.
In most cases, LL.M. students must first obtain a professional
degree in law, e.g. the Bachelor of Laws (LL.B.) in the United
Kingdom or the Juris Doctor (J.D.) in the United States, and
pass a bar exam or the equivalent exam in other countries, such
as the Zweites Staatsexamen in Germany. While the general
curriculum of the LL.B. and J.D. is designed to give students
the basic skills and knowledge to become lawyers, law students
wishing to specialize in a particular area can continue their
studies with an LL.M. program. Some universities also consider
students for their LL.M. program who hold degrees in other
related areas, or have expertise in a specific area of law.
Graduation requirements for an LL.M. program vary depending on
the respective university guidelines. Some programs are
research-oriented and require students to write a thesis,
while others only offer a number of classes that students must
take to complete the course of study. Many LL.M. programs
combine both coursework and research. Part-time programs are
also available for professionals wishing to complete their LL.M.
while working full-time.
Prospective students should be aware that there is no universal
definition for the term LL.M. It is used in different ways by
institutions around the world. Particularly in the United States
and Germany, LL.M. programs are often designed to teach foreign
lawyers the basic legal principles of the host country. In this
regard, the LL.M. can help lawyers seeking to relocate and
practice in another country, or expand their area of practice to
multinational issues. The completion of an LL.M. program, however,
does not automatically qualify foreign students to take the bar
exam in their host country. In the U.S., for example, some states
allow foreign lawyers to seek admission to the bar upon completion
of an LL.M., while in other states, a J.D. is required.
LL.M. is an abbreviation of the Latin Legum Magister, which means
Master of Laws. In Latin, the plural form of a word is abbreviated
by repeating the letter. Hence, "LL." is short for "laws." Legum
is the possessive plural form of the Latin word lex, which means
"specific laws", as opposed to the more general concept embodied
in the word jus, from which the word juris and the modern English
word "justice" are derived.
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